Error propagation is a core concept in Rust that allows you to handle errors in a clean and structured way. Instead of having to handle each error manually on every step, you can easily use the ? operator to propagate errors to a higher level so that they can be handled in a single place.
In this challenge, you’ll use io::Error to represent potential issues when working with file I/O. This approach leverages Rust’s standard library for concise and idiomatic error handling.
Your task is to implement a function that reads integers from a file, computes their sum, and gracefully propagates any errors using the ? operator.
Implement the function sum_integers_from_file:
Result<i32, io::Error>.io::Error.io::Error with a meaningful message.? operator.io::Error with io::ErrorKind::InvalidData.If you're stuck, here are some hints to help you solve the challenge:
std::fs::File::open to open a file.io::BufReader::new to read lines from the file.str::parse method.io::Error::new function can create custom errors.let error = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number");? operator. e.g.
let file = File::open(file_path)?;map_err method. e.g.
let num = num_str.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?;use std::io;use std::fs::File;use std::io::BufReader;use std::io::BufRead;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum: i32 = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let value: Result<i32, _> = line?.parse(); match value { Ok(value_int) => { sum += value_int;} Err(_) => {return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"));} } } return Ok(sum);}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io;use std::io::{prelude::*, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let f: File = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(f); let mut sum = 0; for line_result in reader.lines() { let line = line_result?; // Result<String, _> let num: Result<i32, std::num::ParseIntError> = line.as_str().parse::<i32>(); if let Ok(n) = num { sum += n; } else { return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number")); } } Ok(sum)}// Example usageuse std::fs::File;use std::io;use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, ErrorKind};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path); let reader = BufReader::new(file?); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let num = line?.parse::<i32>(); if num.is_err() { return Err(io::Error::new( ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Not a number".to_string(), )); }else{ sum += num.unwrap(); } } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{self, BufReader, BufRead};use std::fs::File;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let buf_reader = BufReader::new(File::open(file_path)?); buf_reader.lines().try_fold(0, |sum, lines| { Ok(sum + lines?.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number!"))?) })}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::read_to_string;use std::io;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. Ok(read_to_string(file_path)? .lines() .map(|line| line.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::ErrorKind::InvalidData)) .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()? .into_iter() .fold(0, |acc, ele| acc + ele))}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum : i32 = 0; for num_str in reader.lines() { sum += num_str?.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{self, BufReader, BufRead};use std::fs::File;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let f = File::open(file_path)?; let mut numbers: Vec<i32> = vec![]; for line in BufReader::new(f).lines() { let number = line? .parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "expected i32"))?; numbers.push(number); } Ok(numbers.into_iter().sum())}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ io, io::BufRead, fs };pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let f = fs::File::open(file_path)?; let mut sum = 0; for l in io::BufReader::new(f).lines() { sum += l?.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::File, io::{self, BufRead, BufReader},};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let mut total: i32 = 0; let reader = BufReader::new(File::open(file_path)?); for line in reader.lines() { let num = line? .parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; total += num; } Ok(total)}pub fn _sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let mut total: i32 = 0; let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); for line in reader.lines() { let err = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"); match line { Ok(num) => match num.parse::<i32>() { Ok(n) => total += n, Err(_) => return Err(err), }, Err(_) => return Err(err), } } Ok(total)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::File, io::{self, BufRead, BufReader},};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let mut total: i32 = 0; let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); for line in reader.lines() { let num = line? .parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "err"))?; total += num; } Ok(total)}pub fn _sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let mut total: i32 = 0; let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); for line in reader.lines() { let err = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"); match line { Ok(num) => match num.parse::<i32>() { Ok(n) => total += n, Err(_) => return Err(err), }, Err(_) => return Err(err), } } Ok(total)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let line = line?; let no: i32 = line .parse() .map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e))?; sum += no; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::File, io::{self, BufRead, BufReader},};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let mut total: i32 = 0; let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); for line in reader.lines() { let err = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"); match line { Ok(num) => match num.parse::<i32>() { Ok(n) => total += n, Err(_) => return Err(err), }, Err(_) => return Err(err), } } Ok(total)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let line = line?; let no: i32 = line .parse() .map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e))?; sum += no; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{BufReader, BufRead}; use std::io;// use std::io::Error;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let filee = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(filee); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines(){ let lline = line?; let number = match lline.parse::<i32>() { Err(..) => { return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "parsing failed")); }, Ok(v) => v }; sum += number; } return Ok(sum); }// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::File, io::{BufRead, BufReader, Error, ErrorKind},};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut acc: i32 = 0; for result in reader.lines() { let Ok(line) = result else { return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number")); }; match line.parse::<i32>() { Err(_) => return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number")), Ok(value) => { acc += value; } } } Ok(acc)}use std::{ fs::File, io::{self, BufRead, BufReader},};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let reader = BufReader::new(File::open(file_path)?); let mut sum: i32 = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let line = line?; let line = line.trim(); if line.is_empty() { continue; } let n: i32 = line.parse().map_err(|err| { io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("invalid data: {err}")) })?; sum = sum .checked_add(n) .ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "overflow"))?; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::{File};use std::io;use std::io::BufRead;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = io::BufReader::new(file); let lines = reader.lines(); let mut sum:i32 = 0; for line in lines{ match line?.parse::<i32>(){ Ok(value) => { sum += value; }, Err(e) => {return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e));} } // if let Ok(value) = line?.parse::<i32>(){ // sum += value; // }else{ // return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e)); // } } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::File, io::{self, BufRead, BufReader},};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { sum += line? .parse::<i32>() .map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e.to_string()))? } return Ok(sum);}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufReader, BufRead};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let f = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(f); let lines = reader.lines(); let mut sum = 0; for n in lines { sum = sum + n?.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::File, io::{self, BufReader}, io::prelude::*,};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for num_str in reader.lines() { let num_str = num_str?; let num = num_str.parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; sum += num; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{self, BufRead};pub fn _sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = std::fs::File::open(file_path)?; let reader = io::BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for num_str in reader.lines() { let num = num_str? .parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; sum += num; } Ok(sum)}pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = std::fs::read_to_string(file_path)?; let mut sum = 0; for line in file.lines() { let num = line .parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; sum += num; } Ok(sum)}pub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{self, BufRead};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = std::fs::File::open(file_path)?; let reader = io::BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for num_str in reader.lines() { let num = num_str? .parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; sum += num; } Ok(sum)}pub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::File, io::{self, BufReader, Read}, num::ParseIntError,};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let mut reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut contents = String::new(); reader.read_to_string(&mut contents)?; let mut sum = 0; for line in contents.lines() { let value: i32 = line.parse().map_err(|e: ParseIntError| { io::Error::new( io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Failed to parse '{}': {}", line, e), ) })?; sum += value; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::File, io::{self, BufReader, Read}, num::ParseIntError,};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let mut reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut contents = String::new(); reader.read_to_string(&mut contents)?; let mut sum = 0; for line in contents.lines() { let value: i32 = line.parse().map_err(|e: ParseIntError| { io::Error::new( io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Failed to parse '{}': {}", line, e), ) })?; sum += value; } Ok(sum)}pub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{fs::File, io::{self, BufRead}};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. let mut sum:i32 =0; if let Ok(file) = File::open(file_path) { let reader = io::BufReader::new(file); for line in reader.lines() { let line =line.map_err(|_|io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; sum+= line.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_|io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; } Ok(sum) }else { Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,"invalid path")) } } // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors.// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufReader, BufRead};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let line = line?; match line.parse::<i32>() { Ok(n) => sum += n, Err(_) => { return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Invalid integer: {}", line))); } } } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let line = line?; if line.trim().is_empty() { continue; } match line.trim().parse::<i32>() { Ok(num) => sum += num, Err(_) => { return Err(io::Error::new( io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Invalid integer in line: {}", line), )); } } } Ok(sum) // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors.} // Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let line = line?; if line.trim().is_empty() { continue; } match line.trim().parse::<i32>() { Ok(num) => sum += num, Err(_) => { return Err(io::Error::new( io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Invalid integer in line: {}", line), )); } } } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io;use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let f = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(f); reader.lines().map(|line| line.and_then(|valid_line| valid_line.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number")))).sum()}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io;use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let f = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(f); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let n = line?.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; sum += n; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind, BufReader, BufRead};use std::fs::File;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { match line?.parse::<i32>() { Ok(number) => sum += number, _ => return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, "InvalidData")) } } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind, BufReader, BufRead};use std::fs::File;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let f = File::open(file_path)?; let mut count:i32 = 0; for i in BufReader::new(f).lines() { match i?.parse::<i32>() { Ok(n) => count += n, _ => return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData,"InvalidData")), } } return Ok(count);}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind, BufReader, BufRead};use std::fs::File;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let buf = BufReader::new(file); let mut total: i32 = 0; for line in buf.lines() { match line?.parse::<i32>() { Ok(integer) => total += integer, _ => return Err(Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid chars")), } } Ok(total)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io;use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let f = File::open(file_path)?; let buf_reader = BufReader::new(f); let mut result = 0; let invalid_number = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid Number"); for i in buf_reader.lines() { match i?.parse::<i32>() { //.map_err(|_| invalid_number); Ok(x) => result += x, Err(_) => return Err(invalid_number), } } Ok(result)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs;use std::io::{self, BufRead};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let lines = io::BufReader::new(fs::File::open(file_path)?).lines(); let mut sum: i32 = 0; for line in lines { match line.unwrap().parse::<i32>() { Ok(number) => sum += number, _ => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number")), } } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs;use std::io::{self, BufRead};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = fs::File::open(file_path)?; let reader = io::BufReader::new(file); let lines = reader.lines(); let mut sum: i32 = 0; for line in lines { match line.unwrap().parse::<i32>() { Ok(number) => sum += number, _ => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number")), } } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs;use std::io;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let contents = fs::read_to_string(file_path)?; contents .lines() .map(|line| { line.trim() .parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid integer")) }) .sum()}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{self, BufRead};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = std::fs::File::open(file_path)?; let reader = std::io::BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; // Iterate over each line for line_result in reader.lines() { let line = line_result?; // propagate I/O errors if line.trim().is_empty() { // skip empty lines continue; } // Parse the trimmed line as i32, converting parse errors into // a custom io::Error so we “throw” an error on bad data let num: i32 = line .trim() .parse() .map_err(|_| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid Number"))?; sum += num; } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io;use std::fs;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = fs::read_to_string(file_path)?; let sum: i32 = file .split_whitespace() .map(|word| { word.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_err| { io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number in file") }) }) .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()? .into_iter() .sum(); Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io;use std::fs::File;use std::io::BufReader;use std::io::BufRead;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut res = 0; for line in reader.lines(){ let num = line?.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Not an integer"))?; res += num; } Ok(res)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::{ fs::{File}, io::{self, BufRead, BufReader}};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line in reader.lines() { let parsed: Result<i32, _> = line?.parse().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number")); sum += parsed? }; Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. let successful_read = File::open(file_path)?; let buffered_reader = BufReader::new(successful_read); let mut sum = 0; for line in buffered_reader.lines() { let line = line?; let parsed_num : i32 = line.trim().parse().map_err(|_|{ io::Error::new( io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Could not parse number: {}", line) ) })?; sum += parsed_num; } Ok(sum) // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors.}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufReader, BufRead};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. // let mut sum: i32 = 0; // let in_file = File::open(file_path)?; // let reader = BufReader::new(in_file); // for line in reader.lines() { // match line?.parse::<i32>() { // Ok(val) => sum += val, // Err(_) => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Line doesn't contain valid number".to_string())) // } // } // return Ok(sum); let in_file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(in_file); reader.lines() .map(|line| { line?.parse::<i32>() .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Line contains invalid number")) }) .sum()}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufReader, BufRead};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let mut sum: i32 = 0; let in_file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(in_file); for line in reader.lines() { match line?.parse::<i32>() { Ok(val) => sum += val, Err(_) => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Line doesn't contain valid number".to_string())) } } return Ok(sum);}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io::{BufReader, BufRead, Error, ErrorKind};use std::fs::File;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let buffer = BufReader::new(file); buffer .lines() .map(|line| { let line = line?; line.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_|{ Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number in file") }) }) .sum()}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::io;use std::fs::File;use std::io::BufRead;pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let mut count: i32 = 0; let file = File::open(file_path)?; let lines = io::BufReader::new(file).lines(); for line in lines.map_while(Result::ok) { let num = line.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; count += num; } return Ok(count) // let num = lines.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number"))?; // lines.iter().parse()::<i32>}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let buf = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for (i, line) in buf.lines().enumerate() { let line = line?; let value = line.parse::<i32>().map_err(|_| { io::Error::new( io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Invalid integer on line {}: '{}'", i + 1, line), ) })?; sum += value; } Ok(sum)}pub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io;use std::io::{BufRead,BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut total = 0; for line_res in reader.lines(){ let line = line_res?; match line.trim().parse::<i32>(){ Ok(num) => total += num, Err(_e) => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "Invalid number")), } } Ok(total)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader};pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { // TODO: Implement this function // Hint: Use `File::open`, `BufReader::new`, and `.lines()` to process the file. // Use `?` to propagate errors and `io::Error::new` for custom errors. let file = File::open(file_path)?; let reader = BufReader::new(file); let mut sum = 0; for line_result in reader.lines(){ let line = line_result?; match line.trim().parse::<i32>(){ Ok(num) => sum += num, Err(_) => { return Err(io::Error::new( io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, format!("Invalid number") )) } } } Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}use std::fs::File;use std::io::{self, BufRead, BufReader, Error, ErrorKind};use std::{error, fmt};// 1. Finish the definition#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]pub enum ParsePercentageError { InvalidInput, OutOfRange,}// 2. Implement the `Error` traitimpl error::Error for ParsePercentageError {}impl fmt::Display for ParsePercentageError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { match self { Self::InvalidInput => write!(f, "Invalid input"), Self::OutOfRange => write!(f, "Percentage out of range"), } }}pub fn parse_percentage(input: &str) -> Result<i32, ParsePercentageError> { let value = input.parse::<i32>(); match value { Ok(v) => Ok(v), _ => Err(ParsePercentageError::InvalidInput) }}// Convert to ioimpl From<ParsePercentageError> for Error { fn from(err: ParsePercentageError) -> Error { match err { ParsePercentageError::InvalidInput => { Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, err) } ParsePercentageError::OutOfRange => { Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, err) } } }}pub fn sum_integers_from_file(file_path: &str) -> Result<i32, io::Error> { let file = File::open(file_path)?; let buf = BufReader::new(file); let sum = buf.lines() .map(|line| { let line = line?; let num = parse_percentage(&line)?; Ok(num) }) .try_fold(0, |acc, num: Result<i32, io::Error>| Ok::<i32, io::Error>(acc + num?))?; Ok(sum)}// Example usagepub fn main() { let file_path = "numbers.txt"; match sum_integers_from_file(file_path) { Ok(sum) => println!("The sum is: {}", sum), Err(e) => eprintln!("Error: {}", e), }}