Structs and references

In Rust, structs can store references in addition to owned values. This allows you to create powerful and memory-efficient abstractions by reusing data rather than duplicating it. However, using references in structs requires careful attention to lifetimes to ensure that the references remain valid.

In this challenge, you will create a struct named TextFinder that holds a reference to a string slice (&str). This struct will be used to perform search operations on the string slice by finding lines that contain a given keyword.

Your Task
  • Create a struct called TextFinder that holds a reference to a string slice.
  • The struct should have a constructor new() that takes a string slice and returns a TextFinder instance.
  • The struct should have a method called find_first that returns the first line containing the keyword, or None if no match is found.
  • The struct should have a method called find_many that returns a vector of all lines containing the keyword.
  • The search functionality should be case-sensitive.
  • Ensure you return references to the original string slice rather than creating new owned strings.

Hints

If you're stuck, you may find the following hints useful:

Click here to reveal hints
  • Lifetime Annotations: Use a lifetime annotation to link the struct's lifetime to the lifetime of the string slice it references. e.g. 
    pub struct TextFinder<'a> {
    text: &'a str,
}
  • String Methods: You can use .lines() on a &str to split it into lines and .contains() to check if a string contains a substring.
  • Iterators: Iterators like .find() or .filter() can simplify search operations.